Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika: uko wavuye kuri OAU yo mu 1963 ukagera kuri AU yo mu 2002
Ibihugu 32 bya Afurika byashinze OAU i Addis Abeba muri Gicurasi 1963. Nyuma y’Itangazo rya Sirte ryo mu 1999, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika watangijwe i Durban muri Nyakanga 2002.
Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika (AU) ufite icyicaro i Addis Abeba muri Etiyopiya. Ariko mbere yawo hariho undi muryango wari ufite intego zisa: Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika (OAU), washinzwe mu 1963. Iyi nkuru igaragaza uko byagenze kuva icyo gihe kugeza ubu. Amakuru ari muri iyi nkuru ashingiye ku mateka Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika ubwawo usobanura ku rubuga rwawo.
Ishingwa rya OAU mu 1963
Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika uvuga ko OAU yashinzwe muri Gicurasi 1963 i Addis Abeba muri Etiyopiya, ishingwa n’ibihugu 32 bya Afurika byari byarabonye ubwigenge.
Amasezerano shingiro y’uwo muryango yemeje ko ubwisanzure, uburinganire, ubutabera n’icyubahiro ari “essential objectives”, ni ukuvuga intego z’ingenzi, mu byo Abanyafurika bifuzaga. OAU yamaze imyaka igera kuri 36, kuva mu 1963 kugeza mu 1999, ari yo rwego rukuru ruhuza ibihugu bya Afurika.
Itangazo rya Sirte n’ivuka rya AU
Ku wa 9 Nzeri 1999, abakuru b’ibihugu n’aba guverinoma bagize OAU basohoye Itangazo rya Sirte. Iryo tangazo ryasabye ko hashyirwaho Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika, intego ikaba kwihutisha ubufatanye bw’umugabane no gutuma Afurika igira uruhare rufatika mu bukungu bw’isi.
Muri Nyakanga 2002, AU yatangijwe ku mugaragaro i Durban muri Afurika y’Epfo, isimbura OAU.
Ibihe bya none: abanyamuryango n’icyerekezo
Ubu AU igizwe n’ibihugu 55 bya Afurika. Ikorera hakurikijwe Amasezerano Shingiro (Constitutive Act), agaragaza intego zirimo kugera ku bumwe burushijeho, kurengera ubusugire n’ubwigenge bw’ibihugu, kwihutisha ubufatanye mu karere, guteza imbere amahoro n’umutekano, no kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Icyerekezo cy’uwo muryango ni “An Integrated, Prosperous and Peaceful Africa, driven by its own citizens and representing a dynamic force in the global arena”, ni ukuvuga Afurika ihuriweho, iteye imbere kandi ifite amahoro, iyoborwa n’abaturage bayo, ikaba imbaraga zigaragara ku isi.