Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda: uko rwakoze kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 2015
Akanama k’Umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kashyizeho uru rukiko ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 1994. Rwafunze imiryango ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2015, ariko inyandiko zarwo zikaba zikibitswe.
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Akanama k’Umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kashyizeho urukiko rwihariye rwo gucira imanza abakoze ibyaha byakorewe mu Rwanda mu 1994. Urwo rukiko rwiswe Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR).
Uko rwashyizweho
Umwanzuro wa 955 w’Akanama k’Umutekano wemejwe ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 1994, mu nama ya 3453 y’ako kanama, hakurikijwe Umutwe wa VII w’Amasezerano Shingiro y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. U Rwanda ubwarwo rwatoye rurwanya uwo mwanzuro.
Uru rukiko rwahawe ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana “persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and neighbouring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994”, ni ukuvuga abakoze Jenoside n’ibindi byaha bikomeye byo mu mategeko mpuzamahanga ahana intambara, byakorewe ku butaka bw’u Rwanda no mu bihugu bihana imbibi na rwo, hagati ya 1 Mutarama na 31 Ukuboza 1994.
Ibyo rwakoze mu myaka 20
Icyicaro cy’uru rukiko cyari i Arusha muri Tanzaniya, gifite ibiro i Kigali n’Urugereko rw’Ubujurire i La Haye mu Buholandi. Rwatangiye imirimo mu 1995, rufunga imiryango ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2015. Mu myaka yarwo yose rwarezwe abantu 93, naho urubanza rwa nyuma rwaciwe ku wa 20 Ukuboza 2012.
Uru rukiko ruvuga ko ari “the first ever international tribunal to deliver verdicts in relation to genocide”, ni ukuvuga urukiko mpuzamahanga rwa mbere rwigeze guca urubanza ku cyaha cya Jenoside. Rwanavuga ko ari rwo rukiko mpuzamahanga rwa mbere rwasobanuye icyaha cyo gufata ku ngufu mu mategeko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga, rukemeza ko gushobora kuba uburyo bwo gukora Jenoside; ndetse ko ari rwo rwa mbere rwahamije abakozi b’itangazamakuru ibyaha bijyanye no gutera inkunga Jenoside mu biganiro batambutsaga.
Ibihe bya none: inyandiko z’uru rukiko
Inyandiko zose z’uru rukiko ubu zibitswe n’Urwego rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rushinzwe imirimo isigaye y’inkiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga (IRMCT). Urwo rwego ruvuga ko ububiko bwarwo bufite “thousands of linear metres of physical records and more than 3 petabytes of digital records”, ni ukuvuga ibirometero by’inyandiko ziriho ku mpapuro na petabayiti zirenga eshatu z’inyandiko za elegitoroniki.
Izo nyandiko zibikwa mu mashami abiri, i Arusha na La Haye, kandi abashaka kuzisoma babinyuza mu bubiko bwitwa Unified Court Records (UCR) no muri katarogu y’ububiko bwa IRMCT.
UNESCO yo ivuga ko ishyirwaho ry’uru rukiko ryagize uruhare mu nzira yatumye hashyirwaho Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga (ICC) mu 2002.
Inkomoko: Umuryango w’Abibumbye, “The ICTR in Brief” na IRMCT, “Archives”.
Soma amakuru ku Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda