Ibihugu bidakora ku nyanja: U Rwanda rwasabye ubufatanye bukomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ya Awaza
Mu nama ngarukamwaka y’Abaminisitiri b’ibihugu bidakora ku nyanja yigaga ku kwihutisha Gahunda y’Ibikorwa ya Awaza, yabereye i New York ku wa 24 Nzeri 2026, Minisitiri Nduhungirehe yasabye ubufatanye bukomeye, guhuza ibihugu n’ubutwererane bw’akarere mu gukemura ibibazo ibi bihugu bihura na byo.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane, Olivier J.P. Nduhungirehe, yasabye ko ubufatanye bukomeye, guhuza ibihugu n’ubutwererane bw’akarere bishyirwa imbere mu gukemura ibibazo bishingiye ku miterere ibihugu bidakora ku nyanja bihura na byo. Yabivugiye i New York ku gicamunsi cyo ku wa 24 Nzeri 2026, mu nama ngarukamwaka y’Abaminisitiri b’Ububanyi n’Amahanga b’ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere bidakora ku nyanja (LLDCs), yabereye ku ruhande rw’Inteko Rusange ya 81 y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UNGA81).
Iyi yari inama ya 25 muri uru ruhererekane rw’inama ngarukamwaka. Yari ifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti “Kubaka ibihugu bidakora ku nyanja bihangana n’ibibazo kandi bihujwe n’ibindi: kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Gahunda y’Ibikorwa ya Awaza binyuze mu bufatanye” (Building Resilient and Connected LLDCs: Accelerating Implementation of the Awaza Programme of Action through Partnership).
Nk’uko Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane (MINAFFET) yabitangaje, mu ijambo rye Minisitiri Nduhungirehe yagaragaje ko ubwo bufatanye ari ingenzi no mu guteza imbere iterambere ridaheza kandi rirambye.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Taarifa cyabitangaje, yagize ati “Ubufatanye bukomeye hagati y’ibihugu, kunoza uburyo ibihugu bihuzwa no kwishyira hamwe kw’akarere ni ingenzi mu gukemura ibibazo bishingiye ku miterere ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere bidakora ku nyanja bihura na byo.” Yongeyeho ko ubwo bufatanye ari ingenzi mu koroshya ubucuruzi, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa, no kubaka ibikorwa remezo bihuza ibi bihugu n’amasoko y’akarere n’amasoko mpuzamahanga.
U Rwanda rufite umwanya wihariye mu itsinda ry’ibihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere bidakora ku nyanja. Ku wa 3 Nzeri 2026, mu nama y’iryo tsinda yahuje abahagarariye ibihugu byabo burundu muri Loni, u Rwanda rwatorewe kujya muri Komite Nyobozi (Bureau) yaryo y’imyaka ya 2027–2028, ruri kumwe na Laos, u Burundi, Tchad na Paraguay. Muri icyo gihe iri tsinda rizaba riyobowe na Turkmenistan guhera ku wa 1 Mutarama 2027, Azerbaijan ikaba umuyobozi wungirije. Nk’uko Ibiro by’Intumwa Ihoraho ya Turkmenistan muri Loni byabitangaje, abagize iyo Komite bagombaga no kwemezwa n’itangazo risoza inama y’Abaminisitiri yo ku wa 24 Nzeri.
Gahunda ya Awaza ni iki?
Gahunda y’Ibikorwa ya Awaza (Awaza Programme of Action) ni gahunda y’imyaka icumi (2024–2034) igamije kwihutisha iterambere rirambye ry’ibihugu 32 biri mu nzira y’amajyambere bidakora ku nyanja no kubifasha guhangana n’ibibazo. Yemejwe n’Inteko Rusange ya Loni mu Ukuboza 2024, ishyigikirwa ku mugaragaro mu Nama ya Gatatu ya Loni kuri ibi bihugu (LLDC3) yabereye i Awaza muri Turkmenistan kuva ku wa 5 kugeza ku wa 8 Kanama 2025. Iyo nama yari ifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti “Guharanira iterambere binyuze mu bufatanye.”
Iyi gahunda yubakiye ku masomo yavanywe muri Gahunda y’Ibikorwa ya Vienne (2014–2024) yayibanjirije, ikaba yibanda ku nkingi eshanu: guhindura imiterere y’ubukungu, ubucuruzi no kwishyira hamwe kw’akarere, guteza imbere ubwikorezi n’ibikorwa remezo, kwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe no kugabanya ibyago by’ibiza, no gushaka amikoro n’ubufatanye. Inama y’Abaminisitiri iba buri mwaka mu cyumweru cy’inama zo ku rwego rwo hejuru z’Inteko Rusange ya Loni, ni bumwe mu buryo bwateganyijwe bwo gusuzuma uko iyi gahunda ishyirwa mu bikorwa.
Abandi bafashe ijambo
Mu bandi bafashe ijambo harimo Luc Bagur, Umuyobozi ushinzwe Politiki y’Iterambere Rirambye n’Ihuzabikorwa muri Komisiyo y’u Burayi, wavuze mu izina ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU) n’ibihugu biwugize. Yagize ati “Imiterere y’aho igihugu giherereye itera imbogamizi, ariko ntikwiye kuba ari yo igena amahirwe y’iterambere ryacyo.” Yatangaje ko hagati ya 2021 na 2024, EU n’ibihugu biwugize (Team Europe) byahaye ibihugu bidakora ku nyanja inkunga y’iterambere igera hafi kuri miliyari 43,3 z’amayero, kandi ko bitanga 40% by’inkunga ibi bihugu bihabwa n’ibindi bihugu, bikaba ari byo mufatanyabikorwa munini wabyo mu iterambere. Yasoje agira ati “Igishushanyombonera cy’ibihugu bidakora ku nyanja cyaremejwe. Ubu tugomba gukusanya ishoramari no guhindura amahirwe ahari ibikorwa bihuza ibihugu.”
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Kyrgyzstan, Jeenbek Kulubaev, igihugu cye kikaba ari cyo cyari kiyoboye iri tsinda, yagaragaje umusaruro w’icyo gihe cy’ubuyobozi, anashima intambwe imaze guterwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa Gahunda ya Awaza, harimo gutegura igishushanyombonera cyo kuyishyira mu bikorwa n’uburyo bwo kuyikurikirana. Nk’uko ibiro ntaramakuru Trend byabitangaje bishingiye ku itangazo rya Minisiteri ye, inama yasojwe hemejwe Itangazo ry’Abaminisitiri.
Urugendo rurerure rw’ibicuruzwa by’u Rwanda
Raporo y’Ikigo cy’u Budage gishinzwe Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga (GIZ) yo muri Gashyantare 2020 yagaragazaga ko icyo gihe ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwoherezaga cyangwa rutumizaga mu mahanga bitanyujijwe mu ndege byose byanyuraga mu mihanda: ku Muhora wa Ruguru (Northern Corridor) ureshya n’ibilometero 1.660, unyura muri Uganda na Nairobi ukagera ku cyambu cya Mombasa muri Kenya, cyangwa ku Muhora wo Hagati (Central Corridor) ureshya n’ibilometero 1.420, ugera i Dar es Salaam muri Tanzania. Iyo raporo kandi yerekanaga ko kohereza kontineri ya metero esheshatu kuva i Shanghai kugera i Mombasa byatwaraga hagati y’amadolari y’Amerika 500 na 1.000, mu gihe kuyivana i Mombasa ikagera i Kigali byatwaraga hagati y’amadolari 3.000 na 4.000.
Nk’uko KT Press yabitangaje muri Nyakanga 2026, inzira ya Dar es Salaam yitezweho gukomeza kuba irembo nyamukuru ry’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe by’u Rwanda, kuko ibirenga 70% by’ibyo rutumiza mu mahanga bikomeza kunyura muri Tanzania. Muri uyu mwaka kandi u Rwanda rwatangiye gushyiraho inzira nshya ebyiri zishyigikiwe na Leta zo gutumiza ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imwe inyura ku cyambu cya Tanga muri Tanzania, indi ku cyambu cya Mombasa muri Kenya, hagamijwe kugabanya ibyago byo kubura ibyo bikomoka kuri peteroli.