Impunzi n’ubufatanye: UNHCR yagiranye ibiganiro n’u Rwanda
Minisitiri Olivier J.P. Nduhungirehe na Barham Salih, Komiseri Mukuru wa UNHCR, bahuriye i New York ku ruhande rwa UNGA81, baganira ku bufatanye bw’u Rwanda n’iri shami rya Loni, mu gihe u Rwanda rucumbikiye abantu basaga 139.000 bitabwaho na UNHCR, biganjemo abaturutse muri RDC n’u Burundi.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane w’u Rwanda, Olivier J.P. Nduhungirehe, yagiranye ibiganiro na Barham Salih, Komiseri Mukuru w’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi (UNHCR), ku ruhande rw’Inteko Rusange ya 81 y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UNGA81) i New York. Nk’uko Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane (MINAFFET) yabitangaje ku wa 23 Nzeri 2026, ibiganiro byabo “byibanze ku nzego z’ubufatanye n’ibyo impande zombi zishyize imbere, bishimangira akamaro ko gukomeza kuganira no gufatanya.”
Nduhungirehe na we yabigarutseho ku rubuga rwa X uwo munsi, avuga ko yagiranye “ibiganiro byatanze umusaruro” na Komiseri Mukuru wa UNHCR, ndetse n’abaminisitiri b’ububanyi n’amahanga ba Slovakia, Gabon na Repubulika ya Czech. MINAFFET yatangaje izo nama enye icyarimwe, nk’ibiganiro by’impande ebyiri Minisitiri yagiriye i New York. MINAFFET ntiyatangaje amasezerano cyangwa ibyemezo byihariye byavuye muri ibi biganiro.
Salih, uwahoze ari impunzi ubu uyobora UNHCR
Barham Salih ni Komiseri Mukuru wa 12 wa UNHCR. Yatowe n’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku wa 18 Ukuboza 2025 kuri manda y’imyaka itanu, atangira imirimo ku wa 1 Mutarama 2026. Mbere yaho yabaye Perezida wa Iraq kuva mu 2018 kugeza mu 2022, aba Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Guverinoma y’Akarere ka Kurdistan inshuro ebyiri (2001–2004 na 2009–2012), anaba Minisitiri w’Intebe Wungirije wa Iraq hagati ya 2004 na 2009, nk’uko UNHCR ibisobanura.
Ku rubuga rwa UNHCR, Salih asobanura uko abona inshingano ze agira ati: “Nk’uwahoze ari impunzi, nzi ubwanjye uko kurindwa no guhabwa amahirwe bishobora guhindura inzira y’ubuzima bw’umuntu. Inshingano yanjye y’ibanze izaba ireba impunzi n’abandi bose bahatiwe guhunga: kurengera uburenganzira n’agaciro byabo no guteza imbere ibisubizo birambye, kugira ngo guhunga bikomeze kuba ibintu by’igihe gito, bitaba iherezo ridahinduka.”
Iyi si yo nshuro ya mbere Nduhungirehe na Salih bahura muri uyu mwaka. Muri Mutarama 2026, ku munsi wa nyuma w’Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga ku Bukungu (World Economic Forum) ryabereye i Davos mu Busuwisi, bahuye, Salih akimara gutorerwa kuyobora UNHCR, baganira ku “gukomeza guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’u Rwanda na UNHCR.” Muri Mata 2026 bongeye guhurira ku ruhande rw’Ihuriro rya Dipolomasi rya Antalya (ADF2026) muri Turukiya, baganira ku “kurushaho gushimangira ubufatanye n’imishinga iri gukorwa hagati y’u Rwanda na UNHCR,” nk’uko MINAFFET yabitangaje.
U Rwanda rucumbikiye abasaga 139.000
Imibare ya UNHCR na Minisiteri ishinzwe Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi (MINEMA) yo ku wa 31 Nyakanga 2026 igaragaza ko u Rwanda rucumbikiye abantu 139.683 bavuye mu byabo ku gahato n’abandi UNHCR yitaho. Abagera kuri 84.711 (60,6%) baturuka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), naho 53.547 (38,3%) baturuka mu Burundi. Inkambi ya Mahama yonyine icumbikiye 71.638, abandi bari mu nkambi za Kigeme, Kiziba, Mugombwa na Nyabiheke, mu kigo cy’inzibacyuho cya Nkamira no mu mijyi nka Kigali.
Kuva muri Nzeri 2019, u Rwanda runakira by’agateganyo impunzi n’abasaba ubuhungiro bakuwe muri Libya, mu Kigo cy’Inzibacyuho cya Gashora cyashyizweho n’amasezerano y’impande eshatu: Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, Umuryango w’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) na UNHCR. MINEMA ivuga ko rumaze kwakira abarenga 3.000 muri ubwo buryo, kandi 2.681 muri bo bamaze kwimurirwa mu bindi bihugu birimo Canada (927), u Bufaransa (332) na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (325). Itsinda rya 24 ryakiriwe muri ubwo buryo ryari rigizwe n’abasaba ubuhungiro 177 bo muri Sudani, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudani y’Epfo na Somalia.
Leta y’u Rwanda, UNHCR n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa kandi bateguye Ingamba zo Gufasha Impunzi Kwigira mu buryo burambye (Refugee Sustainable Graduation Strategy 2025–2030). Mu biganiro MINEMA yateguye ifatanyije na UNHCR ku wa 30 Kamena 2026, mu rwego rwo kwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Impunzi, Minisitiri ushinzwe Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi, Maj. Gen. (Rtd) Albert Murasira, yagize ati: “Binyuze mu Ngamba zo Gufasha Impunzi Kwigira mu buryo burambye (2025–2030), tugamije ko mu myaka itanu iri imbere, nibura 50% by’ingo z’impunzi ziva mu kubeshwaho n’imfashanyo z’ubutabazi, zikagira imibereho irambye.”
Gutahuka ku bushake: inama y’i Addis Ababa
Kuva ku wa 20 kugeza ku wa 22 Kamena 2026, i Addis Ababa muri Ethiopia habereye inama ihuza u Rwanda, RDC na UNHCR ku bijyanye no gutahuka ku bushake kw’impunzi. Ku munsi wa nyuma habaye inama y’abaminisitiri yayobowe na Salih ari kumwe na Shabani Lukoo Bihango Jacquemain, Minisitiri w’Intebe Wungirije wa RDC, na Minisitiri Murasira wari uhagarariye u Rwanda, isozwa no gushyira umukono ku itangazo rihuriweho; impande eshatu zinemeza gahunda y’ibikorwa ya 2026–2027. Nk’uko MINEMA yabitangaje, impunzi z’Abanyarwanda 8.575 zari zimaze gutahuka zivuye muri RDC kuva muri Mutarama 2025, harimo 2.347 batahutse mu 2026.
Mu mashusho UNHCR yashyize ahagaragara, Murasira yagize ati: “U Rwanda rwiteguye gushyigikira gutahuka ku bushake kw’impunzi z’Abanyekongo zimaze imyaka mirongo mu buhungiro. Ibihe nibibyemera, twizeye ko igihe nikigera bazakirwa mu cyubahiro, mu mutekano no mu kubahwa buri muntu akwiye.” Salih we yagize ati: “Igipimo nyacyo cy’intsinzi yacu ntikizaba amasezerano twagezeho uyu munsi, ahubwo kizaba impinduka azazana mu buzima bw’impunzi n’abaturage bo mu duce batahukiramo.” Nk’uko MINEMA yabitangaje, mu biganiro Salih yagiranye na Murasira ku ruhande rw’iyo nama, yashimye politiki z’u Rwanda ziteye imbere mu kwita ku mpunzi n’ubuyobozi bwarwo mu micungire y’ibibazo by’impunzi.