Intwaro za kirimbuzi: Umuyobozi wa ICAN yagiranye ibiganiro n’u Rwanda
Minisitiri Olivier J.P. Nduhungirehe yaganiriye i New York na Melissa Parke uyobora ICAN, ihuriro ryahawe igihembo cya Nobel ku bwo guharanira Amasezerano ya Loni abuza intwaro za kirimbuzi (TPNW), amasezerano u Rwanda rushyigikira muri Loni ariko rutarasinya.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane, Olivier J.P. Nduhungirehe, yagiranye ibiganiro na Melissa Parke, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga riharanira ko intwaro za kirimbuzi zicibwa burundu (International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, ICAN), ihuriro ryahawe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel cy’amahoro mu 2017. Ibi biganiro byabereye i New York ku ruhande rw’Inteko Rusange ya 81 y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UNGA81), mu gihe ICAN yari mu bukangurambaga bwo gushishikariza ibihugu kwinjira mu Masezerano ya Loni abuza intwaro za kirimbuzi, ayo u Rwanda rutarasinya.
Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane (MINAFFET) yatangaje iyi nama ku wa 22 Nzeri 2026, mu butumwa bwagaragazaga inama zitandukanye Minisitiri Nduhungirehe yagiranye n’abayobozi ku ruhande rwa UNGA81. Ubwo butumwa ntibwagaragaje ingingo zihariye impande zombi zaganiriyeho.
Ihuriro ryahawe igihembo cya Nobel
ICAN ni ihuriro ry’imiryango itari iya Leta rikorera mu bihugu birenga 100, rifite icyicaro i Genève mu Busuwisi. Ryatangijwe mu 2007 ku gitekerezo cy’Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga ry’Abaganga barwanya intambara ya kirimbuzi (IPPNW), na ryo ryahawe igihembo cya Nobel cy’amahoro mu 1985. Mu 2017, iri huriro ryahawe icyo gihembo “kubera umurimo waryo wo kwerekana ingaruka z’akaga gakomeye ku kiremwamuntu zaterwa n’ikoreshwa iryo ari ryo ryose ry’intwaro za kirimbuzi, n’imbaraga z’indashyikirwa ryashyize mu gutuma izo ntwaro zibuzwa binyuze mu masezerano,” nk’uko Komite ya Nobel yabisobanuye.
Melissa Parke ayobora ICAN kuva ku wa 1 Nzeri 2023. Yahoze ari Minisitiri wa Australia ushinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga, akaba yarabaye umudepite w’icyo gihugu kuva mu 2007 kugeza mu 2016. Mbere yaho yari umunyamategeko mpuzamahanga wa Loni muri Kosovo, i Gaza, i New York no muri Liban, nyuma aba umwe mu mpuguke za Loni zari zishinzwe gukora iperereza ku ihonyorwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera abantu mu gihe cy’intambara, mu ntambara yo muri Yemen (2017–2021).
Amasezerano u Rwanda rushyigikira ariko rutarasinya
Amasezerano abuza intwaro za kirimbuzi (Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, TPNW) yemejwe muri Loni ku wa 7 Nyakanga 2017, atowe n’ibihugu 122 birimo 42 byo muri Afurika. Yafunguriwe gusinywa ku wa 20 Nzeri 2017, atangira gukurikizwa ku wa 22 Mutarama 2021. Abuza ibihugu byayinjiyemo gukora, kugerageza, gutunga, guhunika, guha abandi, gukoresha cyangwa gukangisha gukoresha intwaro za kirimbuzi, ndetse no kwemera ko zishyirwa ku butaka bwabyo. Icyakora mu ntangiriro yayo ashimangira ko nta kiri muri yo gikwiye gusobanurwa nk’ikibangamira uburenganzira ntavogerwa bw’ibihugu biyigize bwo gukora ubushakashatsi, gutunganya no gukoresha ingufu za nikeleyeri mu mahoro, nta vangura.
Nyuma y’uko Gabon iyasinye ku wa 23 Nzeri 2026, ibihugu 101 ni byo bimaze kuyinjiramo cyangwa kuyasinya: 75 byamaze kuyinjiramo burundu (byarayemeje cyangwa byarayinjiyemo), naho 26 byarayasinye ariko ntibirayemeza. U Rwanda ntiruri muri byo. Nk’uko ICAN ibigaragaza, u Rwanda ntirwitabiriye imishyikirano yayateguye mu 2017, bityo ntirwatoye ku iyemezwa ryayo. Icyakora kuva mu 2018 rutora rushyigikira umwanzuro ngarukamwaka w’Inteko Rusange ya Loni usaba ibihugu byose kuyasinya no kuyemeza “mu gihe cya vuba gishoboka”, uretse mu 2019 ubwo rwifashe.
ICAN ivuga kandi ko muri Mutarama 2022, nyuma y’inama yabereye i Kigali ku masezerano ya TPNW, yateguwe n’umuryango Association de Jeunes de Saint Charles Lwanga ufatanyije na Komisiyo y’Abepiskopi Gatolika ishinzwe Ubutabera n’Amahoro, igahuza abayobozi bo muri Leta n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa, Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga yagaragaje ko u Rwanda ruzayinjiramo mu gihe gikwiye.
Mu karere, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yayemeje burundu ku wa 22 Nzeri 2022, naho Tanzania iyasinya ku wa 26 Nzeri 2019 ariko ntirayemeza. Uganda, u Burundi na Kenya ntibirayinjiramo. ICAN ivuga ko ibihugu byose 54 bya Afurika byagaragaje mu Nteko Rusange ya Loni ko biyashyigikiye, kandi Afurika isanzwe ifite Amasezerano ya Pelindaba ayigira akarere katarangwamo intwaro za kirimbuzi.
Igitutu ku bihugu bitunze intwaro za kirimbuzi
ICAN yatangaje ku wa 23 Nzeri 2026 ko mu cyumweru cy’inama zo ku rwego rwo hejuru za UNGA81 yari irimo guhura n’abayobozi b’ibihugu, abaminisitiri b’ububanyi n’amahanga n’abandi bayobozi bakuru baturutse hirya no hino ku isi, ibasaba gufata ingamba zihuse zo guca intwaro za kirimbuzi. Intego yayo ni ukumvisha ibihugu byinshi kwinjira muri TPNW mbere y’inama ya mbere isuzuma aya masezerano, izabera ku cyicaro cya Loni i New York kuva ku wa 30 Ugushyingo kugeza ku wa 4 Ukuboza 2026, iyobowe na Afurika y’Epfo.
Mu itangazo ICAN yashyize hanze ishimira Gabon, Parke yagize ati: “Uko buri gihugu cyinjiye muri TPNW, ni ko igitutu cya dipolomasi kirushaho kwiyongera ku bihugu bitunze intwaro za kirimbuzi n’inshuti zabyo zishyigikira izo ntwaro, kandi ni ko birushaho kwigunga. Igihe kirageze ngo bireke kurwanya amasezerano abuza izi ntwaro, bisange Gabon n’ibindi bihugu bishyigikiye TPNW ku ruhande rukwiye rw’amateka.”
Ku isi, ibihugu icyenda ni byo bitunze intwaro za kirimbuzi: u Burusiya, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bushinwa, u Bufaransa, u Bwongereza, Pakistan, u Buhinde, Israel na Koreya ya Ruguru. Nk’uko ICAN ibigaragaza ishingiye kuri raporo ya 2026 ya Nuclear Weapons Ban Monitor (ikurikirana aho isi igeze mu guca izi ntwaro), ibyo bihugu bifite imitwe y’intwaro za kirimbuzi igera ku 12.187, irenga 9.600 muri yo ikaba iri mu bubiko ingabo zishobora gukoresha.
U Rwanda rwo rufite umugambi wo gukoresha ingufu za nikeleyeri mu mahoro, ari na byo TPNW yemerera ibihugu. Ku wa 19 Gicurasi 2026 rwasinyanye na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika amasezerano y’ubwumvikane ku bufatanye mu ngufu za nikeleyeri za gisivili, harimo n’inganda ntoya za nikeleyeri (Small Modular Reactors, SMRs). Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri MINAFFET, Dr. Usta Kaitesi, wayasinyiye u Rwanda, yavuze ko ubwo bufatanye buzajyana no “guteza imbere amahame yo ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mutekano w’ibikorwa bya nikeleyeri, mu kubirinda no mu gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’intwaro za kirimbuzi.”