Isi ifite umwenda wa tiliyari 365 z’amadolari! Urutonde rw’ibihugu biri ku isonga
Umwenda rusange ku rwego rw’Isi wageze kuri tiliyari zisaga 365 z’amadolari ya Amerika mu mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2026, nyuma yo kwiyongeraho tiliyari 10 z’amadolari, ibintu bikomeje gutera impungenge ku hazaza h’ubukungu bw’Isi.
Raporo y’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gikurikirana iby’imari, Institute of International Finance (IIF), igaragaza ko uyu mwenda urimo uwa za guverinoma, ibigo by’imari, ibigo by’ubucuruzi n’uw’abaturage ku giti cyabo.
Iyo aya mafaranga agabanyijwe ku baturage bose b’Isi, buri muntu yaba ahwanye n’umwenda w’amadolari agera ku 44.000. Icyakora, ibyo ntibisobanuye ko buri muntu afitiye abayagurije uwo mwenda ku giti cye.
Al Jazeera yatangaje ku wa 22 Ukwakira 2026 ko kwiyongera kw’iyi myenda kujyana n’izamuka ry’inyungu zishyurwa ku nguzanyo, bikomeje gushyira igitutu kuri za guverinoma, cyane cyane iz’ibihugu bikize.
Mu bihugu by’i Burayi, iki kibazo cyakomeje kuvugisha benshi, aho abaturage ibihumbi amagana bigaragambije mu Bufaransa, mu Bubiligi, mu Butaliyani no muri Portugal, binubira izamuka ry’ibiciro, imishahara mito n’ibibazo bya serivisi rusange.
Mu Bufaransa, abaturage barenga 550.000 bitabiriye imyigaragambyo, mu gihe Guverinoma ikomeje guhangana n’ikibazo cyo kubona amafaranga yo gutera inkunga ibikorwa by’ingenzi, birimo uburezi, ubuvuzi n’ubwiteganyirize.
Ibihugu 10 biri ku isonga mu kugira imyenda myinshi
Nubwo umwenda wa tiliyari 365 z’amadolari ukubiyemo n’imyenda y’abaturage n’ibigo by’abikorera, urutonde rw’ibihugu bikurikira rushingiye ku myenda ya za guverinoma gusa.
Imibare ya Al Jazeera yo ku wa 22 Ukwakira 2026, hamwe n’ibigereranyo bya IMF byo mu 2026, igaragaza ko ibi bihugu biri ku isonga:
Ni ibihe bihugu bifite umwenda munini?
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ziza ku isonga n’umwenda ungana na 127% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’ubukungu bwazo (GDP), mu gihe uw’u Bushinwa ungana na 104%.
Nubwo u Buyapani buri ku mwanya wa gatatu mu kugira umwenda munini mu mafaranga, buri mu bihugu bikomeye bifite umwenda uri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ubunini bw’ubukungu bwabyo, kuko ungana na 199% bya GDP.
U Bufaransa bwo bufite umwenda ungana na 118,5% bya GDP, mu gihe u Butaliyani bugera kuri 138%. Ibi bigaragaza ko igihugu gifite umwenda munini mu mafaranga atari cyo byanze bikunze kiba gifite umwenda uremereye kurusha ibindi ugereranyije n’ubushobozi bw’ubukungu bwacyo.
Urugero, nubwo umwenda w’Amerika uruta uw’u Buyapani inshuro zirenga enye, u Buyapani bufite umwenda uremereye kurushaho iyo ugereranyijwe n’ubunini bw’ubukungu bwabwo.
Ibi ni byo bituma abahanga mu bukungu bakoresha igipimo cy’umwenda ugereranyije na GDP, kugira ngo bamenye uko igihugu gihagaze, aho kwibanda ku mubare w’amafaranga kibereyemo imyenda gusa.
Kwishyura inyungu z’imyenda bikomeje kuba umutwaro
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bihangayikishije abahanga mu bukungu ni amafaranga za guverinoma zikoresha mu kwishyura inyungu z’imyenda zafashe.
Mu mwaka ushize, ibihugu bifite ubukungu bwateye imbere byishyuye inyungu zisaga tiliyari 3,3 z’amadolari ku mpapuro mpeshamwenda za Leta.
Aya mafaranga aruta tiliyari 3,1 z’amadolari Isi ikoresha mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, tiliyari 2,6 z’amadolari zishorwa mu bwenge buhangano ndetse na tiliyari 2,3 z’amadolari zikoreshwa mu gushora imari mu ngufu zisukuye, nk’uko imibare yatangajwe na Al Jazeera ibigaragaza.
Mu Bufaransa, inyungu ku nguzanyo za Leta z’imyaka 10 zageze hafi kuri 5%, urwego rutari rwigeze rugerwaho kuva mu 2002. Ni mu gihe u Budage bwo bwishyura inyungu zigera kuri 3,41%.
Ibi bivuze ko igihugu gifashe inguzanyo y’amayero 100 ku nyungu ya 2,5% mu gihe cy’imyaka 10, cyishyura amayero 25 y’inyungu muri icyo gihe, mu gihe ku nyungu ya 5% cyishyura amayero 50, hatabariwemo ya 100 y’inguzanyo y’umwimerere.
Uko inyungu zizamuka, ni ko amafaranga za guverinoma zikoresha mu kwishyura imyenda yiyongera, bigatuma ayo zagakoresheje mu kubaka amashuri, ibitaro, imihanda no guteza imbere imibereho y’abaturage agabanuka.
Ibi kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku baturage basanzwe, kuko ibihugu bimwe bishobora kongera imisoro cyangwa kugabanya amafaranga bishora muri serivisi rusange kugira ngo bibone ubushobozi bwo kwishyura imyenda.
U Rwanda rwisanga he muri iki kibazo cy’umwenda w’Isi?
U Rwanda kuri ubu ruza ku mwanya w’ijana na makumyabiri n’icyenda (129) ku Isi. Mu mpera za 2025, umwenda wa Leta y’u Rwanda n’uwo yishingiye wari ugeze kuri miliyari 17.220,4 Frw, ungana na 73,6% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’ubukungu bw’igihugu (GDP). Icyakora, mu mibare ya IMF ikoreshwa mu kugereranya imyenda ya za guverinoma ku Isi, u Rwanda rwari kuri 64,7% bya GDP. Iyo u Rwanda rugereranywa n’ibihugu 10 byavuzwe haruguru hakurikijwe icyo gipimo kimwe cyo mu 2025, rwaza ku mwanya wa 10 mu bihugu 11, rukabanziriza u Budage bwari kuri 62,7%.
Nubwo uwo mwenda wiyongereye, IMF yagaragaje muri Kamena 2026 ko uw’u Rwanda ugishobora kwishyurwa, nubwo igihugu kigifite ibyago byo ku rwego ruciriritse byo guhura n’ibibazo bijyanye n’imyenda. Ibi bivuze ko u Rwanda rutari mu cyiciro cy’ibihugu byamaze kunanirwa kwishyura imyenda, ariko ko rugomba gukomeza gucunga neza inguzanyo rufata n’amafaranga yinjira mu isanduku ya Leta.
U Rwanda kandi rufite amateka meza mu kwishyura inguzanyo, nk’uko IMF yabigaragaje mu isesengura ryayo ryo mu 2025, aho yavuze ko rufite “a strong repayment record”. Mu 2023, rwishyuye inguzanyo ya miliyoni 400 z’amadolari rwari rwarafashe ku isoko mpuzamahanga mu 2013, binyuze mu mpapuro mpeshamwenda zizwi nka Eurobond. Iyo myitwarire yo kubahiriza inshingano zo kwishyura igira uruhare mu cyizere igihugu kigirirwa n’abaguriza amafaranga.
Ku wa 6 Ukwakira 2026, IMF yatangaje ko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwazamutseho 9,7% mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’umwaka. Icyo kigega cyasabye u Rwanda gukomeza kongera amafaranga yinjira mu gihugu no kunoza imicungire y’imari ya Leta kugira ngo ubukungu bukomeze gutera imbere, mu gihe ibyago bijyanye n’imyenda bikomeza kugenzurwa.
Ku rwego rw’Isi, abasesenguzi bagaragaza ko gufata imyenda atari ikibazo ubwabyo, kuko bishobora gufasha ibihugu gushora imari mu bikorwa by’iterambere. Icyakora, impungenge zikomeza kwiyongera iyo imyenda ikura vuba kurusha ubushobozi bwo kuyishyura.
Ibi bituma igikomeye ataba umubare w’amafaranga igihugu gifite mu myenda gusa, ahubwo hakitabwa no ku bushobozi bwo kuyishyura, ikiguzi cy’inguzanyo, igihe cyo kwishyura n’icyizere abaguriza amafaranga bafitiye ubukungu bwacyo.