Urugomero rushobora gutuma habaho intambara hagati ya Misiri na Ethiopia? - Ubusesenguzi
Ingano ya 90% by’amazi meza Misiri ikoresha aturuka mu ruzi rumwe rwa Nili, ahandi hose ni ubutayu. Naho imvura yo mu misozi miremire ya Etiyopiya igaburira Nili hafi 85% by’amazi atemba muri Nili mu majyaruguru agana mu Misiri, bivuze ko Etiyopiya yonyine iha Misiri amazi meza arenga 80% by’ayo ikoresha.
Abanyarwanda baciye umugani ngo “Iyo amagara atewe hejuru, buri wese asama aye.” Ku ruzi rwa Nil, iri jambo ryumvikana kurushaho kuko muri iki gihe ari ko bimeze kuri Misiri na Ethiopia byombi binyurwamo n'uwo mugezi. Kuri Misiri, Nil si uruzi rwo kureba ku ikarita gusa; ni yo ubuhinzi, imijyi n’ubuzima bw’abaturage benshi bimaze ibinyejana bishingiyeho. Kuri Ethiopia na yo, kuba amazi menshi agaburira uyu mugezi aturuka ku butaka bwayo bituma ibona ko kuyabyaza amashanyarazi no kuyakoresha mu iterambere ari uburenganzira idakwiye gusabira uruhushya ahandi.
Aha ni ho hava igitekerezo cyo gukora urugomero rwihariye rwiswe Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Ethiopia irureba nk’urufunguzo rw’iterambere; Misiri ikarureba nka kidobya yinjiye mu mibereho y'abaturage bayo igafata imitsi y'imijyi ikomeye yayo imaze imyaka amagana ihabwa ubuzima n'uyu mugezi.
Aho Bitangirira
Mu 1959, Misiri na Sudani byasinyanye amasezerano ya dipolomasi yerekeye amazi ya Nili, ni amasezerano yageneye buri gihugu metero kibe miliyari 55.5 na metero kibe miliyari 18.5 z'amazi ya Nili buri mwaka, yasinywe kandi yirengagije ibihugu byo mu nkengero z'amazi nka Etiyopiya.
Aya masezerano ya 1959 yasinywe kugira ngo yorohereze iyubakwa ry’urugomero rwa Aswan High mu Misiri, aya masezerano yarimo kugabana umugezi wose wapimwe hagati y’ibi bihugu hatitawe ku bindi bihugu bikora kuri uyu mugezi, anatanga igihombo cya metero kibe miliyari 10, bituma habaho amakimbirane arambye muri politiki ku burenganzira bw’amazi ku basangiye umugezi wa Nili, akiriho na n’ubu.
Amashanyarazi, Amazi, n’Ivomo rishya rya Nili
Ku rundi ruhande Etiyopiya yubatse urugomero runini rwitwa Grand Ethiopian Renaissance, GERD, ku ruzi rwa Nili, aho uru rugomero rw’amashanyarazi rukoresha amazi yo mu mugezi wa Nili, aho uru ruganda rutanga megawati 5.150 z’amashanyarazi, rwazanye igisubizo cy’amashanyarazi yari ategerejwe igihe kirekire muri iki gihugu kiri mu nzira y’amajyambere aho abaturage barenga miliyoni babayeho nta mashanyarazi.
Kuko uru rugomero rwagenewe amashanyarazi gusa aho gukoreshwa mu kuhira ubuhinzi cyangwa indi mirimo, bituma amazi y’uru ruzi ubwayo adakoreshwa cyangwa ngo ahindurwe burundu. Amazi anyura mu byuma binini by’uru rugomero kugira ngo atange ingufu mbere yo gukomeza urugendo rwayo rusanzwe rwerekeza muri Sudani na Misiri.
Amakimbirane n’impaka mpuzamahanga n’amateka hagati y’ibi bihugu byombi ntabwo aterwa no ku ikoreshwa ry’amazi ukwayo, ahubwo ni igihe amazi amara muri uru rugomero atararekurwa, kuyabika no kugenzura itemba ryayo bishobora gukorwa na Etiyopiya.
Intambara ya mbere ikomeye y’amazi muri nyinshi
Iki kibazo ku ruzi rwa Nili sicyo kibazo cyonyine gihari, ahubwo niyo yaba intambara ya mbere ikomeye ibaye y’amazi mu kinyejana cya 21. Ku isi yose, imigezi n’ibiyaga bigera kuri 310 bihurira ku mipaka mpuzamahanga, bitwara hafi 60% by’amazi meza yo ku isi. Uko imihindagurikire y’ikirere yihuta n’abaturage biyongera, aya mazi ahuriweho akomeza kuba intandaro yo kutumvikana muri politiki, ihindura amazi kuva ku mutungo kamere uhuriweho akayahindura intwaro ikomeye yo gukoresha imbaraga z’ubutegetsi.
Impamvu iyi ntambara isa n'idashoboka
Intambara hagati ya Misiri na Etiyopiya iracyari kure yo kudashoboka kuko ibihugu byombi bidasangiye umupaka w’ubutaka, bigatuma igitero gisanzwe cyo ku butaka kidashoboka kandi ibitero by’indege zisenya inyubako nini byaba nk’umukino ukomeye wa gisirikare.
Byongeye kandi, ibihugu byombi bitinya cyane kugirana amakimbirane kuko yaba ahenze kandi buri gihugu gifite ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu, igabanuka ry’agaciro k’ifaranga, n’ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu bishobora guhungabanya ubutegetsi bwabyo.
Aho guhitamo gusenya no kubaho ifite inkeke, Misiri yahisemo gufata ingamba mu buryo bw’igihe kirekire igana ku iterambere ry’igihugu, ishora imari nyinshi mu nganda nini zikuramo umunyu mu mazi yo mu nyanja no kongera miyoboro iyungurura amazi yanduye ngo yongera gukoreshwa kugira ngo igabanye uburyo ihora yishingikiriza ku mazi ya Nile.
Ifoto igaragaza aho uruzi rwa Nil runyura kuva muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba kugeza mu Majyaruguru y’Afurika.