Amenyo 13 yo muri Etiyopiya agaragaza ko abakurambere b’abantu babiri batandukanye babanaga
Amenyo 13 yabonetse ahitwa Ledi-Geraru muri Etiyopiya agaragaza ko Homo ya mbere n’ubwoko bushya bwa Australopithecus byabanaga mu gace kamwe hashize imyaka miliyoni 2,6 kugeza kuri 2,8.
Mu mashusho menshi tumenyereye, ubwihindurize bw’umuntu bugaragazwa nk’umurongo umwe ugororotse: inguge ihinduka umuntu wa kera, na we agahinduka umuntu wa none. Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Nature muri Kanama 2025 bwerekanye ko atari ko byagenze.
Amenyo 13 gusa
Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryabonye amenyo 13 ahitwa Ledi-Geraru, mu karere ka Afar muri Etiyopiya. Amwe muri yo ni aya Homo, ubwoko bwa mbere bwa muntu. Ariko amenyo amwe yo hejuru n’ayo hasi agaragaza ubwoko bushya bwa Australopithecus, butandukanye na Australopithecus afarensis — ubwoko “Lucy” yakomokagamo, bwaherukaga kugaragara mu bisigazwa hashize imyaka miliyoni 2,95.
Byabanaga mu gace kamwe
Ibyabonetse byerekana ko ayo moko yombi yabanaga mu gace kamwe muri Etiyopiya hagati y’imyaka miliyoni 2,6 na 2,8 ishize. Iki gihe ni ingenzi mu mateka y’ubwihindurize: ni cyo gihe Homo na Paranthropus bagaragara bwa mbere mu bisigazwa, naho Australopithecus afarensis agashira.
Icyo ubu bushakashatsi butemeza
Ni ngombwa kuvuga icyo abashakashatsi batemeza: ntibashobora guha izina ubwo bwoko bushya bashingiye ku menyo gusa. Bavuga ko hakenewe ibindi bisigazwa mbere y’uko babwita izina. Ni ukuvuga ko ubwo bwoko bwanditswe mu nyandiko ariko butaragira izina rya siyansi.
Umurongo cyangwa igiti?
Kaye Reed, umuhanga mu bidukikije bya kera muri Kaminuza ya Leta ya Arizona, yavuze mu Cyongereza ati: “This new research shows that the image many of us have in our minds of an ape to a Neanderthal to a modern human is not correct.” Yongeyeho ati: “Evolution doesn’t work like that. Here we have two hominin species that are together. And human evolution is not linear, it’s a bushy tree.”
Ni ukuvuga ko ubwihindurize butagenda ku murongo umwe ugororotse, ahubwo bumeze nk’igiti gifite amashami menshi: amwe akuma, rimwe rikaba ari ryo rigeza ku muntu wa none.
Inkomoko: Nature, “New discoveries of Australopithecus and Homo from Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia”, Kanama 2025; Arizona State University.
Soma ubwo bushakashatsi muri Nature